1.38. Dung dich axit manh mdt nd''e X ndng do 0,010 moI/1 cd pH.= 2,00 va
dung dich baza manh mdt nd''e Y ndng dd 0,010 mol/I cd pH = 12,00. Vdy :
A. X va Y la cae chd''t dien Ii manh.
B. X va Y la cac chd''t dien Ii yeu.
C. X la chd''t dien U manh, Y la chd''t dien h ydu.
D. X la chd''t dien Ii ydu, Y la chd''t dien li manh.
1.39. Dung dich axit manh H2SO4 0,10M ed :
A. p H = l , 0 0 .
B. p H < l , 0 0 .
C. pH > 1,00.
D. [H^] > 0,20M.
1.40. Cd ''V lit dung dich NaOH 0,60M. Nhung trudng hgp nao dudi ddy lam pH
ciia dung dieh NaOH dd giam xudng ?
1. Them Vlft nude ed''t
2. Them V Ift dung dich KOH 0,67M
3. Them V Ift dung dieh HCI 0,30M
4. Them V 1ft dung dich NaN03 0,40M
1.41. Ndng dd H"^ trong rugu vang la 3,2.10
M. Sau khi md nut chai dd hd
trong khdng khf mdt thang, ndng dd H^ la 1,0.10 M. Hdi pH eua rugu
vang tang len hay giam xudng sau khi dd trong khdng khf ?
1.42. Viet phuang trinh dang phdn tix ung vdi phuang trinh ion riit ggn sau :
1. Ba^+ + CO^" -^ BaC03 i
2. Fe^+ + 30H~ -^ Fe(0H)3 i
3. NH4 + 0H~ ^ NH3 T+ HjO
4. S^"
5. HCIO + OH" -^ CIO" + H2O
6. CO2 + 2 0 H " -> CO^" + H2O
+ 2H+ -^ H2S t
1.43. Viet phuong trinh dang phdn tit va ion riit ggn cua cae phan ung trong
dung dich theo sa dd sau :
1. Pb(N03)2+ ?
^PbCl2i
+
?
2. Sn(0H)2 + ?
^ Na2Sn02 +
?
3. MgCOj
+ ?
^ MgCl2
+
?
4. HPO^"
+ ?
^ H3PO4
+
?
5. FeS
+ ? ^ FeCIj
+ ?
6. Fe2(S04)3 + ? -^ K2SO4 + ?
1.44. Hoa tan hoan toan 0,12 g Mg trong 100,0 ml dung dich HCI 0,20M. Tfnh
pH cua dung dich sau khi phan ung kdt thiie (thd tfch dung dich bidn ddi
khdng dang kd).
1.45. Trong nudc bidn, magie la kim loai cd ham lugng Idn thii hai sau natri.
Mdi kilogam nude bidn ehiia khoang 1,3 g magie dudi dang cae ion
9-4-
•*
>.
•>
Mg 0 nhidu qudc gia, magie dugc khai thac tii nudc bien. Qua trinh
san xudt magie tit nude bidn gdm eae giai doan sau :
1) Nung da vdi thanh vdi sdng.
2) Hod tan vdi sdng trong nude bidn tao ra kdt tua Mg(0H)2.
3) Hod tan ket tua Mg(0H)2 trong dung dich HCI.
4) Dien phdn MgCl2 ndng chay : MgCl2 _^H}£_^ Mg + CI2
Vie''t cac phuang trinh hod hgc xay ra dudi dang phdn t\x va ion rut ggn
(neu ed) cua qua trinh san xudt tren.
9-i-
1.46*. Nude chiia nhidu ion Ca
2+
94.
va Mg
la nude cung. Nude ehiia it hoac
2+
khdng ehiia eae ion Ca va Mg la nudc mem. Nudc ciing khdng phu
hgp cho viec sit dung trong cdng nghiep va sinh boat. Trong nude thudng
chiia cae hgp chd''t Ca(HC03)2, Mg(HC03)2, CaCl2 va MgClj hoa tan.
Dd loai cac ion Ca^^ va Mg^"" dudi dang Ca(HC03)2, Mg(HC03)2 va
MgCl2 ngudi ta cho siia vdi Ca(OH)2 vao nudc se tao ra cac kdt tua
CaC03 va Mg(0H)2.
Dd loai Ca ^ dudi dang CaCl2 ngudi ta hoa tan Na2C03 vao nudc se tao
ket tiia CaC03.
Hay vidt cdc phuong trinh hod hgc dudi dang phdn ttt va ion rut ggn eua
eae phan ung tren.
1.47*. Cd 6 dung dieh dung trong 6 Ig mdt nhan : Mg(N03)2, Zn(N03)2, Pb(N03)2,
AICI3, KOH va NaCI. Chi diing them dung dieh AgNOj va mdt thudc thit
nfia, hay trinh bay each nhdn bidt tiing dung dieh. Vidt cac phuang trinh
hoa hgc dudi dang phdn tit va ion riit ggn eua cdc phan ling nhdn bidt dd.
10
NITO - PHOTPHO
Bai 7
NITO
2.1. Trong nhiing nhdn xet dudi ddy, nhdn xet nao Id khdng diing ?
A. Nguyen tic nita ed hai ldp electron va Idp ngoai ciing cd ba electron.
B. Sd hieu nguyen tit ciia nita bdng 7.
C. Ba electron d phdn Idp 2p eua nguyen tit nita ed thd tao dugc ba lien
kdt cdng hod tri vdi cac nguyen tit khac.
9
9 '' ^
D. Cdu hinh electron cua nguyen tit nita la Is 2s 2p va nita la nguyen td p.
2.2. Trong nhiing nhdn xet dudi ddy, nhdn xet nao la diing ?
A. Nita khdng duy tri su hd hd''p vi nita la mdt khf ddc.
B. Vl ed lien kdt ba nen phdn tit nita rdt ben va d nhiet dd thudng nita kha
tra vd mat hod hoc.
C. Khi tdc dung vdi kim loai boat ddng, nita thd hien tfnh kbit.
D. Sd oxi hoa cua nita trong cae hgp chd''t va ion AIN, N2O4, NHj, NO3,
NO2 Mn lugt la - 2 , +2, - 3 , +5, +3.
2.3. Chi ra chd''t kbit, chd''t oxi hoa trong phan ling dieu chd nita :
NH4NO2 — ^ N2 + 2H2O
Trong phan ling nay, sd oxi hoa cua nita thay ddi nhu thd nao ?
2.4. Cho hdn hgp cae chd''t khf sau : N2, CO2, SO2, CI2, HCI. Lam thd nao dd
thu dugc nita tinh khidt tii hdn hgp khf tren. Giai thfeh each lam va vidt
cae phuong trinh hod hgc (ndu ed).
2.5. Trong mdt binh kfn dung tfch 10,0 Ift chiia 21,0 gam nita. Tfnh dp sud''t
eiia khf trong binh, bidt nhiet dd eua khf bang 25°C.
11
2.6. Nen mdt hdn hgp khf gdm 2,0 moi nita va 7,0 moi hidro trong mdt binh
phan liog ed san chd''t xiic tac thfeh hgp va nhiet dd cua binh dugc giii
khdng ddi d 450°C. Sau phan ling thu dugc 8,2 moi mdt hdn hgp khf.
1. Tfnh phdn tram sd moi nita da phan ling.
2. Tfnh thd tfch (dkte) khf amoniae dugc tao thanh.
Bai 8
AMONIAC vA MUOI AMONI
A. AIVIONIAC
2.7. Trong dung dich, amoniae la mdt baza ydu Id do :
A. amoniae tan nhidu trong nudc.
B. phdn tit amoniae la phdn txt cd cue.
C. khi tan trong nude, amoniae kdt hgp vdi nude tao ra eae ion NHj va OH
D. khi tan trong nude, chi mdt phdn nhd eae phdn tit amoniae kdt hgp vdi
"^
ion H* cua nude, tao ra eae ion NH4 va OH
2.8. Cd hien tugng gi xay ra khi tidn hanh cac thi nghiem sau ?
1. cho khf amoniae Idy du tac dung vdi ddng(II) oxit khi dun ndng.
2. cho khf amoniae Id''y du tac dung vdi khf do.
3. cho khf amoniae tac dung vdi oxi khdng khf khi cd platin lam chdt xuc tac
d nhiet dd 850 - 900°C.
Vidt cae phuong trinh hoa hgc minh hoa.
2.9. Day nao dudi ddy gdm cac chdt ma nguydn td nita cd kha ndng viia thd
hien tfnh kbit viia thd hien tfnh oxi hod khi tham gia phan ling ?
A. NH3, N2O5, J 2 NO2
^.
B. NH3, NO, HNO3, N2O5
C. N2, NO, N2O, N2O5
D. NO2, N2, NO, N2O3
2.10. Phan dng tdng hgp amoniae la phan ung thudn nghich : y
N2(k) + 3H2(k) ^ 2NH3 (k),
AH = -92 kJ
Cdn bang eua phan ung nay chuydn dich nhu thd nao khi bidn ddi mdt
trong cac didu kien sau ddy ? Giai thfeh.
12
1. Tdng dp sud''t chung bang each nen cho thd tfch eua he giam xudng.
2. Giam nhiet dd.
3. Them khf nita.
4. Diing chdt xuc tac thfeh hgp.
2.11. Cho lugng khf amoniae di tii tii qua dng sii ehiia 3,20 g CuO nung ndng
ddn khi phan ung xay ra hoan toan, thu dugc chd''t rdn A va va mdt hdn
hgp khf. Chdt ran A phan ung vita dii vdi 20,0 ml dung dieh HCI LOOM.
1. Vie''t phuang trinh hod hgc eiia eae phan ling.
2. Tfnh thd tfch khf nita (d dkte) dugc tao thanh sau phan ung.
B. MUOI AMONI
2.12. Trong nhiing nhdn xet dudi ddy vd mudi amoni, nhdn xet nao la dung ?
A. Mud''i amoni la chd''t tinh thd ion, phdn tit gdm cation amoni va anion
hidroxit.
B. Td''t ca eae mud''i amoni ddu dd tan trong nude, khi tan dien Ii hoan toan
thanh cation amoni va anion gdc axit.
C. Dung dich mud''i amoni tdc dung vdi dung dieh kidm ddc, ndng cho
thodt ra chd''t khf lam quy tfm hod dd.
D. Khi nhiet phdn mud''i amoni ludn ludn cd khf amoniae thoat ra.
2.13. Neu nhiing didm khdc nhau vd tfnh chd''t hoa hgc giiia mudi amoni elorua
va mud''i kali elorua. Vidt cac phuang trinh hod hgc minh hoa.
2.14. Hoan thanh cdc phuang trinh hod hgc sau ddy :
L ? -I- OH"
2. (NH4)3P04
> NH3 + ?
— ^
3. NH4CI + NaN02 — ^
4. (NH4)2Cr207
- ^
NH3 + ?
?+?+?
N2 + Cr203-h?
2.15. Chi dugc diing mdt kim loai, hay trinh bay each phdn biet cac dung dieh
mud''i sau ddy : NH4NO3, (NH4)2S04, K2SO4. Vidt eae phuong trmh hod hgc
eua phan ling xay ra.
13
2.16. Cho dung dieh Ba(OH)2 ddn du vao 75,0 ml dung dieh mudi amoni sunfat.
1. Vidt phuang trinh hoa hgc cua phan ling dudi dang ion.
2. Tfnh ndng dd moi cua cae ion trong dung dieh mudi ban ddu, bidt rang
phan ling tao ra 17,475 g mdt chdt kdt tua. Bd qua su thuy phdn eua ion
amoni trong dung dieh.
Bai 9
AXIT NITRIC VA MUOI NITRAT
A. AXIT NITRIC
2.17. Khi dun ndng, phan ting giiia cap chdt nao sau ddy tao ra ba oxit ?
A. Axit nitric ddc va cacbon
B. Axit nitric ddc va luu huynh
C. Axit nitric ddc va ddng
D. Axit nitric dac va bac
2.18. Ldp eae phuang trinh hod hgc sau ddy :
1.
Fe
+
HN03(dac) - - ^
NOztn- ? + ?
2.
Fe
+
HN03(loang) —>
NOt + ? + ?
3.
FeO
+
HN03(loang)
> NOt + ? + ?
4.
Fe203
+
HN03(loang)
>
5.
FeS
+
H+ + N 0 7
> N,Ot+ ? + ? + ?
?
+ ?
2.19. Hod tan bdt kem trong dung dieh HNO3 loang, du, thu dugc dung dich A
va hdn hgp khf gdm N2 va N2O. Them NaOH du vao dung dich A, thdy
cd khf mui khai thoat ra. Vidt phuong trinh hod hgc eua tdt ca cae phan
ling xay ra dudi dang phuong trinh ion rut ggn.
2.20. Cd cac chd''t sau ddy : NO2, NaN03, HNO3, Cu(N03)2, KNOj, KNO3.
Hay Idp mdt day chuydn hod bidu didn mdi quan he giiia cdc chdt dd.
Vidt cae phuang trinh hod hgc va ghi didu kien phan ling, ndu cd.
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